Mountain gorillas inhabit the dense forests and high-altitude regions of Central Africa. They are found in two main locations: the Virunga Mountains, which span Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda. These gorillas thrive in montane and bamboo forests at elevations between 8,000 and 13,000 feet (2,400 to 4,000 meters). The cool, misty environment provides ample vegetation for their diet and natural cover for protection from predators and human activity.

Mountain gorillas are currently listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, but their population has been steadily increasing due to conservation efforts. In the 1980s, fewer than 620 individuals remained, but thanks to habitat protection, anti-poaching laws, and ecotourism, their numbers have surpassed 1,000. Despite this progress, they still face threats from habitat destruction, disease transmission from humans, and occasional poaching. Conservation initiatives, such as the work by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund and national park rangers, play a crucial role in their survival.

Mountain gorillas are highly social animals that live in groups, or troops, led by a dominant male called a silverback. Troops typically consist of 5 to 30 individuals, including females, juveniles, and young males. Silverbacks are responsible for protecting the group, mediating conflicts, and making decisions about movement and feeding. Gorillas communicate through vocalizations, body language, and facial expressions. Despite their powerful build, they are generally gentle and spend most of their day feeding, resting, and grooming each other to strengthen social bonds.

The best time to see mountain gorillas in the wild is during the dry seasons, which occur from June to September and December to February. During these months, the trails are drier and easier to navigate, making trekking conditions more favorable. Gorilla trekking permits are required for visitors and are limited in number to minimize disturbance to the gorillas. The treks typically take place in the morning, when gorillas are most active, foraging for food and socializing before resting in the afternoon.